Coggins Tests in Horses: For What Is It Testing and Why Is It Required?
If you’ve been involved with horses in any capacity, you’ve probably heard of the Coggins test. But what exactly is this test, and why is it such an essential part of equine health management?
In this article, we’ll break down what the Coggins test screens for, why it’s legally required, how it helps protect the equine community as a whole.
What Is a Coggins Test?
The Coggins test is a blood test used to detect antibodies for Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) — an incurable, and often fatal, disease in horses.
What is Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?
EIA is a viral disease spread primarily by bloodsucking insects such as horseflies and deer flies. Horses infected with EIA may not show any symptoms, making them asymptomatic carriers — but they can still transmit the virus to other horses.
Symptoms can include:
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Swelling in the lower body
- Weakness or lethargy
- Anemia (low red blood cell count)
There is no vaccine or cure for EIA, and infected horses must either be euthanized or permanently quarantined to prevent transmission.
Why Is the Coggins Test Required?
The Coggins test is required by law in many states and countries for various equine activities. Here’s why:
1. Disease Control
EIA is highly contagious and can devastate horse populations. Regular testing helps identify infected animals before they spread the disease.
2. Legal Compliance
Most U.S. states require a negative Coggins test within the past 6–12 months for:
- Interstate transport
- Attending horse shows, fairs, or rodeos
- Boarding at stables
- Selling or purchasing a horse
3. Public and Equine Safety
By ensuring that horses are negative for EIA, the test helps safeguard horses at events, in transit, or in boarding facilities from potential exposure.
How Often Do Horses Need a Coggins Test?
Generally, a negative Coggins test is valid for 12 months. However, frequency may vary depending on:
- State laws
- Facility requirements
- Event rules
Some stables and show organizers may require more frequent testing, especially if horses are coming from out of state.
How Is the Test Performed?
- A veterinarian collects a blood sample from your horse.
- The sample is sent to an accredited laboratory.
- Results are typically available within a couple days to a week, depending on if it was an ELISA or AGID test.
If the test is positive, the horse is immediately reported to state and federal animal health authorities. Strict measures are taken to prevent the spread of the disease. Your veterinarian will be able to help you navigate this and support you during this time.
Have Questions or Need to Schedule a Coggins Test?
Though it may seem like just another item on your horse’s health checklist, the Coggins test plays a critical role in keeping the equine community safe from a deadly and untreatable disease. By staying up to date on your horse’s Coggins test, you’re not only complying with regulations — you’re also helping to protect the health and well-being of horses everywhere.
If you’re unsure whether your horse is due for a Coggins test or if you need documentation for upcoming travel or events, contact Countryside Equine Hospital today. Our experienced team is ready to assist you with Coggins testing and any other veterinary needs.
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For over 30 years, Countryside Equine Hospital has been a trusted partner for horse owners across Covington, GA. Founded by Dr. Carter, our practice began as a small operation in a garage and has grown into a state-of-the-art equine and small animal veterinary facility. Today, we combine our legacy of Southern hospitality with advanced equine medicine, offering services tailored to meet the unique needs of every horse, from top-performing athletes to beloved pasture companions.